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CVE-2026-65625EUVD-2026-110303EEF-CVE-2026-65625GHSA-6GXW-6F7R-CJR6

Attacker-controlled AES-GCM authentication tag length allows tag forgery in jose

Published
Last modified
published
Not listed in CISA KEV
Fix
Fixed in 1.11.13
None on Exploit-DB, Metasploit or GitHub

Summary

The jose Erlang library's pure-Erlang AES-GCM fallback, used for JWE decryption when no native crypto implementation is available (such as some FIPS, stripped, or older OTP builds), can be made to accept forged encrypted messages. An attacker who controls the token can shorten the authentication tag so that only a few bits are verified, letting tampered ciphertext pass as authentic, or send an oversized tag that crashes the decrypting process.

Summarized by anthropic/claude-haiku-5.5. Verify details against the original sources.

Read the original description

The pure-Erlang AES-GCM fallback in jose_jwa_aes derives the number of verified authentication tag bits from the attacker-supplied tag itself. In the {aes_gcm, Bits} clause of block_decrypt/4, the incoming tag is guarded only by is_binary/1, with no check on its length. Verification in gcm_block_decrypt/6 then computes TBits = bit_size(T) and compares only those bits of the real 128-bit tag. An attacker who controls a JWE token can truncate the authentication tag to as little as 8 bits, so only 8 bits are ever checked. This reduces forgery resistance from 2^-128 to 2^-8, and a forged ciphertext is reliably accepted as authentic within 256 attempts without knowledge of the key (an authentication tag forgery and integrity bypass). Supplying a tag longer than 128 bits instead causes a badmatch that crashes the decrypting process. The fallback is reached through the public JWE decryption path whenever AES-GCM is not provided by a native crypto NIF, for example on FIPS or stripped or older OTP builds. This issue affects jose: from 1.2.0 before 1.11.13.

Timeline

  1. CVE published
  2. First seen by cve.now

Affected versions

  • jose

    From 1.2.0 · fixed in 1.11.13

  • potatosalad/erlang-jose

    From 8848b172575fb7d7e1e2977e8ae0a21678d2157a · fixed in 3fa1f8e3efda0da5ce6f4c9984789f979dc02740

  • joseHex

    From 1.2.0 · fixed in 1.11.13

References 5

GitHub · potatosalad/erlang-jose

cna.erlef.org

osv.dev